Review
Sheet for Test Four--Chapters 7, 8, 9
Completion
Complete
each sentence or statement.
1. A bitmap graphic is divided into a grid of
individually colored ____________________.
2. You can create a bitmap graphic from scratch
using the tools provided by a specific category of graphics software referred
to as ____________________ software.
3. The ____________________ of a graphic is
usually expressed as the number of horizontal and vertical pixels that it
contains.
4. Most graphics software uses a process called
____________________ interpolation to create new pixels by averaging the colors
of nearby pixels.
5. To store the data for a monochrome bitmap, an
"on" pixel is represented by a(n) ____________________ bit.
6. ____________________ works by superimposing a
grid over a vector image, and determining the color for each pixel.
7. Macromedia's ____________________ software
creates a popular vector graphics format that is stored in SWF files.
8. In a 3-D graphic, the ____________________
acts much like the framework of a pop-up tent.
9. A(n) ____________________ video camera stores
footage as a series of bits.
10. ______________________________ cameras capture
video data in digital format and attach directly to a computer.
11. Video ____________________ software allows you
to start and stop the transfer process of video from a camera to a computer,
and select the display size, frame rate, filename, and file format for your
video footage.
12. Popular ____________________ include MPEG,
Indeo, Cinepak, DivX, and Video 1.
13. The ultimate goal of video
____________________ is to store a high-quality video image in a small file.
14. ____________________ video sends a small
segment of a video to your computer and begins to play it.
15. ____________________ audio is a digital
representation of sound.
16. ____________________ rate refers to the number
of times per second that a sound is measured during the recording process.
17. Sampling rates are expressed in
____________________.
18. ____________________ sound is an artificially
created, or synthetic, sound; an example is MIDI music.
19. A MIDI-capable sound card contains a(n) ____________________,
which is a set of pre-recorded musical instrument sounds.
20. Most speech synthesizers string together basic
sound units called ____________________.
21. An abacus uses beads to represent
____________________.
22. A(n) ____________________ is an experimental
device that typically must be further developed and perfected before going into
production and becoming widely available.
23. A(n) _________________________ is an
electronic device that controls the flow of electrons in a vacuum.
24. First developed by AT&T's Bell
Laboratories, ____________________ performed functions similar to vacuum tubes,
but they were much smaller, cheaper, less power-hungry, and more reliable.
25. The availability of high-level computer
programming languages made it possible for third parties to develop
____________________.
26. The technology for fourth-generation computers
appeared in 1971, with the advent of the first general-purpose ____________________.
27. A key feature of the Apple Lisa was its
____________________--an idea borrowed from the Xerox Alto computer.
28. Narrowly defined, the ____________________
industry encompasses those companies that manufacture handheld computers,
personal computers, high-end workstations, servers, mainframes, and
supercomputers.
29. The ____________________ technology industry
typically refers to the companies that develop, produce, sell, or support
computers, software, and computer-related products.
30. The 1990s spawned a group of Internet-based
companies that came to be called ____________________.
31. Some products, referred to as
____________________, are announced, but never produced.
32. When software products are tested, the
____________________ test is carried out by the software publisher's in-house
testing team.
33. When software products are tested, the
____________________ test is the second testing phase.
34. ____________________ share is a company's
share, or percentage, of the total market "pie."
35. Marketing ____________________ include
computer retail stores, mail-order/Internet outlets, value-added resellers, and
manufacturer direct.
36. ____________________ order is a special
instance of retailing in which a vendor takes orders by telephone or from an
Internet site, and then ships the product directly to consumers.
37. VAR stands for ______________________________.
38. A Web ____________________ is a hypertext
version of your resume, which might contain links to Web sites for past
employers or your alma mater.
39. An online job ____________________ maintains a
database that contains thousands of job openings posted by employers.
40. A job ____________________ agent is an
automated program that searches one or more databases, and notifies you when it
finds any leads that match your specified criteria.
41. A(n) ____________________ system collects,
stores, and processes data to provide useful, accurate, and timely information,
typically within the context of an organization.
42. Any organization that seeks profit by
providing goods and services is called a(n) ____________________.
43. The emphasis by managers on long-range and
future goals is referred to as strategic ____________________.
44. Some information systems collect and store
____________________ information generated by the organization itself.
45. In an information system context, a(n)
____________________ is an event that requires a manual or computer-based
activity.
46. TPS stands for ______________________________.
47. In ____________________ processing, a group of
transactions is collected and held for processing until the end of a day or pay
period, for example.
48. ____________________ processing is an
interactive method in which each transaction is processed as it is entered.
49. A TPS can ____________________ to a
transaction and permanently update database records only if every step of the
transaction can be successfully processed.
50. ____________________ reports, such as monthly
sales summaries, follow a fixed format and are produced according to a preset
time table.
51. A(n) ______________________________ system
helps people make decisions by directly manipulating data, analyzing data from
external sources, generating statistical projections, and creating data models
of various scenarios.
52. EIS stands for ______________________________.
53. An expert system is sometimes referred to as
a(n) _________________________ system.
54. Using a technique called ____________________
logic, an expert system can deal with imprecise data by asking for a level of
confidence.
55. A(n) ____________________ network uses
computer circuitry to simulate the way a brain might process information,
learn, and remember.
56. A(n) ______________________________ tool is a
software application that is designed for documenting system requirements,
diagramming current and proposed information systems, scheduling development
tasks, and developing computer programs.
57. The System ____________________ Report at the
end of the analysis phase of the SDLC typically contains diagrams that
illustrate what the new information system should do.
Figure 9-21
58. As shown in Figure 9-21, a spreadsheet can be
used to produce a(n) ____________________ table for comparing potential
solutions.
59. During the ____________________ phase of the
SDLC, the project team supervises the tasks necessary to construct the new
information system.
60. A test ____________________ might be located
in an isolated section of storage on the computer system that runs the
organization's regular information system, or it might be located on an
entirely separate computer system.
Matching
Identify the letter of the choice that
best matches the phrase or definition.
|
a. |
bitmap |
e. |
GIF |
|
b. |
Flash |
f. |
PNG |
|
c. |
dithering |
g. |
rasterization |
|
d. |
JPEG |
h. |
gradient |
____ 61. Type of memory used for digital cameras
____ 62. A graphics format that can display up to
48-bit True Color
____ 63. A smooth blending of shades from one color to
another
____ 64. A graphics format with built-in compression
for storing True Color bitmap data
____ 65. The superimposition of a grid over a vector
image, followed by the determining of the color for each pixel
____ 66. A very popular format for Web graphics, but
limited to 256 colors
____ 67. Also called a raster graphic
____ 68. Uses patterns composed of two or more colors
to produce illusions of additional colors and shading
Identify the letter of the choice that
best matches the phrase or definition.
|
a. |
UNIVAC |
e. |
EDS |
|
b. |
DEC PDP-8 |
f. |
AMD |
|
c. |
MITS Altair |
g. |
systems analyst |
|
d. |
VisiCalc |
h. |
QA specialist |
____ 69. The first commercially successful
microcomputer
____ 70. An example of a chipmaker
____ 71. Investigates the requirement of a business,
its employees, and its customers
____ 72. Participates in alpha and beta test cycles of
software
____ 73. The first electronic spreadsheet
____ 74. An example of a service company
____ 75. The first commercially successful digital
computer
____ 76. The first commercially successful minicomputer
Identify the letter of the choice that
best matches the phrase or definition.
|
a. |
structured problem |
e. |
direct conversion |
|
b. |
semi-structured problem |
f. |
phased conversion |
|
c. |
unstructured problem |
g. |
parallel conversion |
|
d. |
system conversion |
h. |
pilot conversion |
____ 77. The old system is completely deactivated and
the new system is immediately activated
____ 78. Figuring out which of your customers should
receive overdue notices is an example
____ 79. Works well with larger information systems
that are modularized
____ 80. Keeps the old system in service while some or
all of the new system is activated
____ 81. Deactivating an old information system and
activating the new one
____ 82. How much inventory a retail business should
stock for the holidays is an example
____ 83. Works well in organizations with several
branches that have independent information processing systems
____ 84. Global warming is an example
Short
Answer
85. What is a memory card reader?
86. How does a floppy disk adapter work?
87. What effect does changing the zoom level of
your graphics software have on a graphic image?
88. What is color depth?
89. What are the extra bits in a 32-bit bitmap
used for?
90. What is a system palette?
91. What is a Web palette?
92. What is a digitizing tablet?
93. What is frame rate?
94. What is a video capture device?
95. What are counting aids?
96. What was Napier's Bones and how did they work?
97. What was the Pascaline?
98. What characteristics of the Analytical Engine
design do computer historians believe embody the concepts of the modern
computer?
99. What were the disadvantages of vacuum tubes?
100. What are the five stages in the life
cycle of a new computer model?
101. What is vaporware?
102. What is market share?
103. What is channel conflict?
104. What is telecommuting?
105. What does an office automation
system do?
106. What characterizes a management
information system?
107. What is the limitation of a
management information system?
108. What are examples of content
typically included in a Project Development Plan?
109. What is an Information Systems
department?
110. What is software customization?
111. What is a test area?
112. What is user documentation?
113. What is a procedure handbook?
114. What is system conversion?
Essay
115. What are four distinctions between
bitmaps and vector graphics that you should take into consideration when
deciding which type of graphic to use for a specific project?
116. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of MIDI?
117. What are the characteristics of a
top-tier company?
118. Provide seven guidelines for writing
a resume.
119. What are the three possible
fundamental responses of an organization in response to opportunities and
threats?
120. Provide three examples of business
transaction processing systems.
Review Sheet
for Test Four--Chapters 7, 8, 9
Answer
Section
COMPLETION
1. pixels
2. paint
3. resolution
4. pixel
5. 1
6. Rasterization Rasterizing
7. Flash
8. wireframe
9. digital
10. Videoconferencing
11. capture
12. codecs
13. compression
14. Streaming
15. Waveform
16. Sampling
17. hertz Hz
18. Synthesized
19. wavetable patch set
20. phonemes
21. numbers
22. prototype
23. vacuum tube
24. transistors
25. software
26. microprocessor
27. GUI
28. computer
29. information
30. dot coms
31. vaporware
32. alpha
33. beta
34. Market
35. channels
36. Mail
37. value-added reseller
38. portfolio
39. bank
40. search
41. information
42. business
43. planning
44. internal
45. transaction
46. transaction processing system
47. batch
48. Online
49. commit
50. Scheduled
51. decision support
52. executive information system
53. knowledge-based
54. fuzzy
55. neural
56. CASE
57. Requirements
58. decision
59. implementation
60. area
MATCHING
61. B
62. F
63. H
64. D
65. G
66. E
67. A
68. C
69. C
70. F
71. G
72. H
73. D
74. E
75. A
76. B
77. E
78. A
79. F
80. G
81. D
82. B
83. H
84. C
SHORT
ANSWER
85. A memory card reader is a small device that is
connected to your computer's USB or serial port and designed to read the data
that is contained in a flash memory module.
86. You simply insert the memory module into the
floppy disk adapter, then insert the adapter into your computer's floppy disk
drive.
87. Changing the zoom level only stretches or
shrinks the size of the image grid, but it has no effect on the size at which a
graphic is printed or the size of the file in which the graphic is stored.
88. Color depth is the number of colors that are
available for use in an image.
89. The extra bits are used to define special
effects, such as the amount of transparency, for a pixel.
90. A system palette is the selection of colors
used by the operating system for the graphics that represent desktop icons and
controls.
91. A Web palette (also called a "Web-safe
palette" or a "browser palette") contains a standard set of
colors used by Internet Web browsers.
92. A digitizing tablet is a device that provides
a flat surface for a paper-based drawing, and a pen that you can use to click
the endpoints of each line on the drawing; the endpoints are converted into
vectors and stored.
93. Frame rate refers to the number of frames of a
video shown per second.
94. A video capture device converts the camera's
analog signal into digital data.
95. Counting aids are pebbles or notched sticks,
or the like, used by humans to keep track of quantities.
96. Napier's Bones was a device for multiplication
and division, consisting of several rods, divided into ten squares, each
labeled with two numbers; the rods were positioned according to the numbers in
the calculation, and the result was determined by adding values shown in a
specific location on the rods.
97. The Pascaline was a mechanical device that
could be used to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
98. Computer historians believe that the
Analytical Engine's memory, its programmable processor, an output device, and
user-definable input of programs and data embody the concepts of the modern
computer.
99. They consumed a lot of power, much of which
was wasted as heat, and they also tended to burn out quickly.
100. The five stages are: product
development, product announcement, introduction, maintenance, and retirement.
101. Vaporware refers to products that
are announced but never produced.
102. Market share is a company's share,
or percentage, of the total market "pie."
103. Although consumers benefit from a
variety of marketing channels, vendors within the channels often find that
their sales are pirated by other channel vendors--a process referred to as
channel conflict.
104. Telecommuting is the use of
available technology to work from home or an off-site location, at least part
of the time.
105. An office automation system
automates or computerizes routine office tasks.
106. A management information system is
characterized by its ability to produce routine and on-demand reports, provide
information for managerial activities, increase managerial efficiency, and to
provide information for structured, routine decisions.
107. The reports generated by an MIS are
limited by the processing capabilities of the database software; although the
data can be summed up in various ways, the MIS cannot typically be used to
created models or projections, which are two important strategic planning
tools.
108. This document typically includes: a
short description of the project, including its scope; a justification for the
project; a list of project team participants; and a schedule for the project, including
an outline of its phases.
109. An IS department is the wing of a
business or organization responsible for developing and maintaining the
computers, data, and programs for an information system.
110. Software customization is the
process of modifying a commercial application to reflect the needs of a
particular organization.
111. A test area is a place where
software testing can occur without disrupting the organization's regular
information system.
112. User documentation describes how to
interact with the system to accomplish specific tasks; it typically includes a
list of features and instructions on how to use them as well as a list of
common errors and how to correct them.
113. A procedure handbook is a type of
user documentation that contains step-by-step instructions for performing a
specific task.
114. System conversion refers to the
process of deactivating an old information system and activating the new one;
it is also referred to as "cutover" or "go live."
ESSAY
115. Vectors resize better than bitmaps.
Vector images usually require less storage space than bitmaps. It is easier to
edit an object in a vector graphic than an object in a bitmap graphic. And
vector graphics tends not to produce images that are as realistic as bitmap
images.
116. MIDI files are much more compact
than waveform audio files. Depending on the exact piece of music, three minutes
of MIDI music might require only 10 kilobytes of storage space, whereas the
same piece of music stored in a high-quality, uncompressed waveform file might
require 15 megabytes of storage space. One of the big disadvantages is that
MIDI is not suitable for vocals. Another disadvantage is that it does not have
the full resonance of "real" sound.
117. Computers from top-tier vendors
generally are more expensive than computers offered by second-tier or
third-tier vendors. These companies often have higher overhead costs,
management is often paid higher salaries, and substantial financial resources
are devoted to research and development. These companies are responsible for
many of the innovations that make computers faster, more powerful, and more
convenient. Also, a stable top-tier company is likely to provide continuing
support, honor warranties, and maintain an inventory of replacement parts.
118. Eliminate unnecessary words,
phrases, and sentences.
Be economical with words when you describe
tasks, duties, titles, and accomplishments.
Be brief and to the point without selling
yourself short.
List your qualifications by importance and
relevance to the job you seek.
Summarize skills at the top of the resume.
Use a bold font to emphasize skills and
accomplishments that are required for the job you seek.
Include pertinent information about
training, certification, and professional affiliations, but avoid personal
information that is not directly related to the job.
Target terms and wording to prospective
employers.
Use industry jargon wherever appropriate.
Use action verbs to maintain the reader's
interest.
Use past and present tenses consistently.
Double-check grammar and spelling.
119. First, an organization can become
better at what it does by cutting costs, lowering prices, improving its
products, offering better customer service, and so on. A second response is to
change the structure of an industry. As a third response, an organization can
create a new product.
120. Examples of business transaction
processing systems include:
1) A point-of-sale (POS) system records
items purchased at each cash register, and calculates the total amount due for
each sale.
2) An order-entry/invoice system provides
a way to input, view, track, modify, and delete customer orders, and to create
customer orders.
3) A general accounting system records the
financial status of a business by keeping track of income, expenses, and
assets.
4) An e-commerce system collects online
orders and processes credit card payments.